Building construction.



P. M STEWART.

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION. I APPLICATION FILED MAR. 11, 1915.

1,1 174,452. Patented Mar. 7, 1916.

a I UNITED STATES rnnnzwivriisrnwnnr, oFnnwYcnK, Y., ASSIGNQR TO enn'rnunn r'psrnwenr, on a a NEWYDRK,

call whom it may concern:

Be 't known that I, rm; STEWART, a izenuofgthe United States, residing in the ugh ofManhatmn, in the city, county, State of New Yorkghave invented an rovement in Building" Constructions, of lch iejiollowing "description, in connecithlthe accompanying drawings, is a cation;likecharacters on the drawings resentiiig likepai-tsp h'l invention relates to a building conuctionwand moi-e particularly:to the floor ture, cement, concrete,

lastic matei i a1,

uentlqn has for: its object to provide or: constructionw liith which the dead f the floor slab may i be reduced, and etal ffr hme of the building made :With amaterial saving in the cost of uilclinglwithout sacrificing tlie strength isame. y

etal frame? ot the building is prefgypsum or simi er and beams, with thebeams connect- ,the; girders at predetermined points leng 'ths aepordingfto the span deor required between the beams. The es invention has foxits object to profiooriconstruction, in which the carcapacity of the-"floorslab may be caledwith accuracy and based on the tentrengtli of the steel reinforcement, rened at predetermined points and it intonbsolute\deflcction, in 'order he reinforcement may be strained to ill tensile value, {rath er than on the come value of the plasticmaterial, or by material and the reinforcing steel. A sticjimaterialWhose compressive value is beaised with safety, with a matevlighter steel frame, which reduces mathe i cost of the building without re- "strengthor its value, as a firenghstnucture. i u

iefi 'einforci g member for the plastic tcrial be single rods or wires, or as y be; referred, a continuous length of remes Inayhe used',which extends under eflecting members and over the beams issecured to the latter by anchoring vices, so as to restrain the continuous wire sh between its zends and preferably at Specification of Letters iatent.

nstruction of buildings embodying in their,

of steel as i now commonly prac-- anct the 'floor frames are composed of BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.

Patented Mar, 7, 1916.

Applicationfiled March 11, 1915. Serial No. 13,729.

eachbealn. The wire mesh, the beams and deflecting members are embedded in the layerof plastic material, which may be concrete, cement, plaster'suchas now commonly used, biit which is preferably gypsum, for a purpose as will be described. The defiebting member being rigidly secured to the girders may be used? as a supporting memher for the form upon which the plastic material is dumped, when a plate or panel is employed as a permanent or a temporary form. These and other features of this in ventlon will be pointed out inv the claims at the end of this specification. I Figurel is a planvof a sullicientf ortion of a floor construction embodyingft is in vention to enable itto be understoodpthe plastic material being omitted, and Fig. 2, a section on the line 2-2 Fig. 1, showing the plastic material.

ql teferring to the drawing, a represents'the girders and b the beams of the steel or metal frame of a building such as now commonly constructed,'the girders fain practice being supported by the foundationwalls and columns, not shown, and the beams b being secured to adjacentgirders kbyrivetsor'otherwise, asnow practised, to form the spaces or spans a. Eachspan is'provided with one or more stationary deflecting members i d, and inthe present instance a single member 61 for each span 0 is shown, which is located substantially central in the span-below the level of the heads of the beams b, and the member (Z is represented as a rod which is connected to the girders a, and in the present instance, the rods 01 have theiiyends extended, through thewebs of the girders a and rigidly secured thereto by nutslO.

The rods (Z serve as deflecting members for a reinforcing nieinber or members, for a, layer 12 of plastic material which may be gypsum, concrete or the like, and said reinforcingiucml'mr may be single wires or rods or as preferred and herein shown, may be a, 00 continuous sheet or laye y13 of wire mesh, which may be made of sufficient length to reach from one side of the building to the other, or which may be made of shorter length and extended across a pluralityof 105 successive or adjacent spans 0.

The continuous layer of wire mesh 1 3is passed under the stationary deflecting member cl in each span and over the beams b,

which form the side Walls of the span, and 110 :apable of I being placed t is brought up ,intogeom' np; member (I, which beary enables-the .wire mesh under a substantial tension "without displacement from the position it is desired or I'Oqljlflfll in. the layer 120i: plastic material. w The i als(') be restraine 'el a bly ateaehbeam, by anehorin I whieh are herein shown aretwisted:around.or etl neeted with the/wire i v cured to the beams, as by bending theirfree 3 5' ends under th'e'to'p flange of has beam so -as* I, .t'oKlnQP-ai-Qe therewitl'n will thus beseen that the metal reinf reement, esiapeially a eontin'uous:sheetor layer ol wire'mesh-Qk'an be plaeedimder eon- 5.20 'sidm-abl'e tendon between the beams and thatthistenfsion earl be maintained between spi isand loeali ied, as though eaelpspan had nsion member which tits own}'imlivi'dual' te tension members'of' said wire, mesh is a under tension until i i tent with the delleeti 7 ing fixed orstation 5 to be; placed d between its-en? and pretgdeviees, as wires 14, which. le'rwise firmly c0n-' wasseparate from tlu .25'adj'2uzent spans;- a a a a f The delleeting members I], may be, located in any desired position belew tlm top'of the l')eaii 1si/), and l'mingmigidly .seeIir d; to the girdersaarenot capable of being i/ertieally- .a-upyum upward pressure o'lthere 'ngYmember 3 wvlieir the flatten 1 ipla ed under tension; eonsequently 'the reini l er-rang memb Fertile, plastle material may wires'er rods'lfi, and tl'unplate panel. or form 15 ma be ainhei-l as herein represented, .017 it may be, flatl i i iltwill be observed that the me {the structure are tiedor so todiormafunitary meta 0 strength of whieh ean be figured reafdily, janrl i eo'nsequentlya plastie material of small eom prrassive Value sueh as gypsum may beamed, I whie'hbeing light and inexpensive enables r "the cost of the metal strueture and the foun- 5 datiens therefmtobematerially reduced in I .weight "without detriment to the building. If desired -the 'reinloreing member may betied'or otherwise secured in liked relation to i {the stationary deflecting members. If de- '60 sired additional rein forcing rods Inlay be p ,-usedwith the wire mesh, or'eitlu alone may beused. l ven if I do not fastentherein- ,i foming member-to thebeams, by ektending therein forcingmember under thedelleeting member, theflreiniorei rig member is brought talparts ol tened together l structure, the

mntinuous wire mesh may;

mesh 13'. and then se-V wire mesh panel plate 01" port plastic material. 1m

mam in. .aid

thus insuring a depth for the reis now possible. s effectiveness beinto permanent deflection, more ell'eetiye and positive in forei ng' member than 'l-here is no ehan e for thi ingreduced, asis-possible in present prae tiee. The resisting moment of the slab is increased, thus insuring a greater bending moment and astronget slab. f L

' I do notlii'nit myself to the deflecting member omg mi topyof the reinforcing mesh-1tei|n go under'the meshand be t ed try-it, 'andthus work in eonjimetio rei'nloreing. memberbrought i lellei'ction; and] a vresult a load ea n l)( earried' by alight,

at a min'iji nl i made longer n with the nto absolute Very heavy eonstruetior'i g0 inreost, andjthelj spans can be l')eeau$, when the load, is applied,'it"is' taken up: by the tension of the qme'sh and also by the,deflecting member,

whieh distributes aportion ofthe load to the 8!; girdm's to which it isseeln'ed'infixed re-' latiori. 1 lelaimf+ i '1'. Tn a building.-sli ri'ietur'e ter deseribed; in eoinbi natirm,

eom prisi n g gii -der s ol the ehara'ea metal frame and beams "seemed to-. gether ;to form spans, idelleeti lp; members leeatedJin;said spansbelow the upper surface 'oli said fi'amefani l secured to said frame i afixed relation.the reto a eontinuousi 9.5

Qexte'm led.i-m'der 'lh'e deflecting 7 "members of a pl llliiil-lty of said spans tobe restrained from |j' ,w:||'ddisplacement and over a -;l l,"l'i}'al i t ycof s: "d beams, means for *anehoring 'saidpwire mesh between bits ends to a plurali'tyjol said bpims, and layer of plastie 'm'aterial' enveloping said deflecting d wi i:e mi-jsh' between said beunzu'le as mtinuous wire. mesh and. Y

35" placed under tension at its ends w itlm'ut'bei i-ng displace between its ends from the de- I siredoi.proper position in the spans'. The ndefleet'ing anual-+1 may :al so be used as 'a' suppo'rtingniem'lie'r for the i 40 form 15 upon"whiehlthe pl I dumpedon planed to'form The paneL- fflate or .ype'mled' "from the" eber 1 an beams. 7

f2. Tn abuildiiig struetl ter described inleombi nat ion, a metal frame eemprising girders and beams .seeured to- .ether to form spans, (II- fleeting members located in said, spans below the upper surfalee'olt' said frame and secured to said frame 110 in fixed relationthei'eto, a continuous wire nriesb extended under the it lelleeting'mem bers of ajplurality'otsafiil spansto be rea strained; frmnupward 'd-isplaee'ment and over a plurality otIsaid'beams, means for 11.5 anchoring said wiren esh between its ends i s, a form to sup-r to a plurality ot said bearr I ween said beams, means For suspending id'fl'l'orm from; said stationm-y ilelleeting*member fand a Iayerl Q ol plastic material sup I ported. by said. form and en velopmg said delleetmg member and wire mesh.

3. In a. buildingstrueture of thecharaeter rleseribed, in eombination, a metal frame 12 eomprisinggirders and -beams secured t0- gether. to 11mm spans below the upper surlaee of said lranim(lelleetin'g members 10- spans and secured to said xed, relation thereto, and ametal 80 frame in ii IIQ: of the "ehar ae- .16 k fixed relation thereto, and a metal reinforc- [al [so to form spans, a continuous layer of wire mesh extended into the spans and over said i a, support plasticmaterial between said beams,

reinforcingmember extended underthe deflecting member to be restrained from upward displacement and anchored to said beams.

4. In a buildingstructure of the characy a ter described, in combination, a metal frame comprising girders and beams secured together to form spans below the upper surface of said frame, deflecting members located in said spans and secured to said frame in ing member to be restrained against up- V ward displacement'extended under a dc fleeting member. I

5. In a building structure of the character described, in combination, a metal frame comprising girders and beams secured toggether to form spans below the upper surface of saidframe, deflecting members R 0 cated in said spans and secured to said frame in fixed relation thereto, a. form to "means for suspending said form from said in fixed relation to said frame and located 1 lnsaid spans below the upper surface of mesh to deflect the same.

stationarydeflecting member, and a layer of plastic material supported by said form and, a enveloping the deflecting member from a which said form is suspended.

In a building of the character described, in; combination, a metal frame comprising girders and beams secured together beams, means engaging the wire mesh with I, f the top flanges of the beams for anchoring said continuous layer at a plurality of points between its ends to said beams, and, de'

fleeting members for said wire mesh secured said frame and cooperating with said wire 7. In a building structure of the character described, in combination, a metal frame comprising girders and beams secured together to form spans, a deflecting member located in said span below the upper surface of said frame and secured therein in fixed relation to said frame, and a metal -reinforcing member coiiperating with said -gether to form spans, a deflecting member extended across the span and through opposing walls of the said frame below the upper surface of said frame and secured in fixed relation thereto, and a reinforcing member coiiperating with said deflecting member to be restrained thereby against upward displacement.

- 9. In a building structure of the characterdescribed, in combination, substantially parallelmembers separated to form opposing walls of a span, a deflecting member extended across the span below theupper surface of said parallel walls and secured in fixed relation to the said walls below the upper surface thereof, and a reinforcing member cotipe'rating with said deflecting member to be restrained thereby against up ward displacement.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification in the presenc of two subscribmg witnesses.

PEREZ M. STEWART.

Witnesses: DOUGLAS B. STEWART,

FRANCIS C. Low'rHoRr. 

